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invalid Hreflang Value

Invalid hreflang codes (e.g.

warning Impact: medium HREFLANG_INVALID 2 min read Updated

Why it matters

Invalid hreflang codes (e.g. "en_US" instead of "en-US") are silently ignored by Google — the intended multilingual targeting breaks.

Schedule a fix in your next sprint. Warnings won't block your site but they consistently leave performance on the table. Estimated SEO impact: medium — measurable effect on click-through or relevance.

How to fix

  • Use ISO 639-1 language + ISO 3166-1 region (e.g. "en-US", "fr-CA")
  • Use hyphen, not underscore, between language and region
  • Validate with Google Search Console International Targeting report

Common causes

If the rule is firing across many pages, the root cause is almost always one of these:

  • noindex applied broadly during a redesign and never removed for live pages.
  • Robots.txt blocks a path that contains canonical pages along with the unwanted ones.
  • CMS publishes a draft URL with a self-referential canonical pointing to a different slug.
  • Tracking-parameter URLs proliferate and dilute crawl budget.

Anti-patterns to avoid

Even with the best intentions, these "fixes" make the issue worse — recognise them so you don't ship them:

  • noindex applied to a directory that also holds canonical pages.
  • Self-canonical pointing at a redirect chain.
  • Robots.txt disallowing paths Google needs to render the page.

How atlookup detects this

Our crawler renders each page with a real headless browser, then reads robots directives, canonical tags, sitemap entries, and tests fetchability. Pages where the rule fires for invalid hreflang value are flagged on the report.

If you'd like to see this rule fire on your own site, run a free 60-second audit — every page is reported with the exact lines that triggered it.

Tools to verify the fix

Once you've applied the fix, double-check with these external validators:

Frequently asked questions

Why does Invalid Hreflang Value matter for SEO?

Invalid hreflang codes (e.g. "en_US" instead of "en-US") are silently ignored by Google — the intended multilingual targeting breaks.

How do I fix invalid hreflang value?

Use ISO 639-1 language + ISO 3166-1 region (e.g. "en-US", "fr-CA") Use hyphen, not underscore, between language and region Validate with Google Search Console International Targeting report

Is this a critical SEO issue?

Schedule a fix in your next sprint. Warnings won't block your site but they consistently leave performance on the table. Estimated SEO impact: medium — measurable effect on click-through or relevance.

How does atlookup detect invalid hreflang value?

Our crawler renders each page with a real headless browser, then reads robots directives, canonical tags, sitemap entries, and tests fetchability. Pages where the rule fires for invalid hreflang value are flagged on the report.

How long does it take to fix?

5–15 minutes per page. Most teams batch similar issues across templates so the per-page time goes down at scale.

CANONICAL_EMPTY

Empty Canonical Tag

An empty <link rel="canonical" href=""> canonicalizes to the current URL in some crawlers and nothing in others — unpredictable behavior that often leads to deindexing.

CANONICAL_INVALID

Invalid Canonical URL

A canonical URL that fails URL parsing (e.g.

ROBOTS_TXT_BLOCKS_INDEXABLE_PAGE

Robots.txt Blocks an Otherwise-Indexable Page

When robots.txt disallows a URL that returns 200 + meta robots index + canonical-to-self, you have a direct contradiction in indexing signals.

SITEMAP_URL_4XX

Sitemap URL Returns 4xx

A URL listed in your sitemap but returning 4xx (typically 404) tells Google that page should be indexed, then fails when crawled — a strong negative signal about site maintenance.